Episode 4

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Published on:

17th May 2021

Is it ok to disagree? Learning from the discomfort of conflict

In the latest episode of the 'Changing the World' series, University of Leeds Vice-Chancellor Professor Simone Buitendijk and Deputy Director of Communications Fridey Cordingley discuss conflict. 

We all experience conflict in many areas of our lives - and at universities, debate and disagreements are part of the academic experience. Simone and Fridey discuss their personal responses to conflict - and how it's possible to embrace conflict to make sure it ultimately resolves problems in a constructive and collaborative way.

Follow Professor Simone Buitendijk on Twitter here, and follow University of Leeds by clicking here.

To read more voices from the University of Leeds, visit our Medium publication here, and the University's website here.

Transcript
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Hello.

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I'm Friday Cordingly, I'm the Deputy Director

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of communications.

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I'm really pleased to be talking to our vise chancellor,

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Simone Bultendijk today, who's recently

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written some inspiration and thought provoking blogs.

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Today we are discussing conflict.

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We see it and experience it in all aspects of our lives.

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In her recent blog, Simone argued

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that conflict can force people into fixed positions,

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making it harder to achieve collaboration

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and mutual growth.

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But if we learn to deal with tensions and conflict,

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we will resolve problems in a more proactive

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constructive and collaborative way and all benefit.

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In a moment, I'll be in conversation with Simone.

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But first, this is someone reading her blog.

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Is it OK to disagree learning from the discomfort

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of conflict.

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Humans may think of themselves as rational creatures,

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but when we feel threatened emotions often take over.

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How do we ensure that we don't become polarised and paralysed

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as a community?

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And tension and conflict arise.

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I do not love conflict, and my instinctive reaction

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to people angrily disagreeing with me is to back off.

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Unlike some colleagues and friends,

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my initial reflex is not to reciprocate

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with physical anger.

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I'm not exactly sure why that is.

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My past experiences of forcefully trying to win

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and not getting anywhere may have contributed.

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As my career progressed, I started to realise my attitude

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to conflict needed to change.

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Not by me becoming more aggressive, but rather

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by employing a different approach altogether.

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I believe it's only natural that as humans we

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enjoy it when others agree with our point of view.

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What is not to like?

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But clearly, it's unrealistic to expect

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a life without disagreements or conflicting interests.

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And there's actually a lot of evidence

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that different viewpoints and a certain level of tension

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are needed for growth, stability and sustainable innovation,

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both in the workplace and in personal relationships.

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The question then is, how do we deal with those tensions well?

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The problem lies with our natural tendency

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to either lash out or zone out when you feel threatened.

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What happens when we move between withdrawal

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and aggression is that we stop listening, connecting

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and learning.

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We are so busy protecting our own interests

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and defending our own position that we can no longer afford

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to see nuance and entertain the possibility

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that the other party may have a point.

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The past to further and further escalation

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and alienation, to hardening and more extreme points of view

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is subsequently wide open.

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I don't think I need to illustrate the principle

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with real life examples.

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You can find plenty in this morning's newspapers

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and even larger quantities among today's tweets.

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Unfortunately, as we're busy with intensely disliking

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the position of the other, we're wasting time and opportunity

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to resolve issues and build robust and sustainable

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solutions for all.

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If we want to deal more effectively with discomfort

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or conflict in our communities, we

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need to stop closing off to different opinions.

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We need to listen, dare to be vulnerable,

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and even be open to the possibility that at times, we

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ourselves, are plain wrong.

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That's really hard, much harder than instinctively going

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into fight or flight mode.

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However, if we don't try, we will

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miss valuable opportunities to gain insights,

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strengthen relationships and sustainably

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resolve the knotty problems that make us all unhappy.

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Most people in leadership positions

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sooner or later have to deal with conflict and anger,

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especially in times of large scale change or crisis.

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When that happens, we have a choice.

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Either we increase the distance between us

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and the colleagues that are angry,

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or we get closer by trying to connect.

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The latter starts by attempting to truly understand

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the cause of the anger.

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Too often, all we try to do is win the argument,

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while forgetting that without openness, honest communication

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and an authentic human connection,

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we will not persuade the other side to soften their position.

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We all have a tendency to believe

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that if we clearly and rationally outline

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our own position, we will win because of the sheer beauty

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of our arguments.

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What we forget is that if there's

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no connection and no trust, the other side will simply not

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be able to believe us because there's too much suspicion

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of our motives.

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The difficulty with the connecting approach

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apart from the fact it can be quite scary in the beginning,

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is that it takes time.

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More time than declaring war and parking our tanks on the lawn

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or retreating into the trenches.

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But once conflict has fully escalated,

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it easily appears that we're too busy for careful communication

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and figuring out which human emotions and problems caused

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the issue to begin with.

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Also, in the middle of a heated situation,

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we often subconsciously or consciously choose

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to feel simple dichotomy of right, (us), and wrong, (them).

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Which further enables the high paced restlessness

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and intensity full-blown conflict.

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We can break the dangerous cycle once we understand we cannot

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enjoy the primitive pleasures of always being right that

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our conflicts provide us with, while at the same time

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nurturing nuance, compassion and self reflection.

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Those primitive pleasures are risky for our own happiness

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and that of others in our community.

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since, if we want them to continue,

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we have to become ever more extreme in our positions.

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And while keeping the short term conflict alive,

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we inevitably lose sight of the fact

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that it's a different effort.

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And with patience and careful practise,

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we will be more likely to reach a long term situation

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stability, collaboration and mutual growth.

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If we use conflict not to harden our stance,

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but to deepen our understanding, to define common goals,

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to reach out and to nurture a sense of shared humanity,

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we will all gain.

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At the very least, we will not waste our valuable time

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on senseless feuds with other fragile humans just like us.

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Simone, I'm really interested to know

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why it was that you wanted to raise the issue of conflict?

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Yeah, Thanks Friday for that question.

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I think it's because conflict happens

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so often in our private lives, our work lives,

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and I think if we don't shy away from it

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the way we now do and don't get into sort of automatic fight

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or flight mode, that we will actually be able to use

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it much more constructively.

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And that's not easy to do.

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And it's certainly taken me time to figure that out,

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and I'm sure I still don't always get it right.

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But it's a very worthwhile activity

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to try and use conflict more constructively.

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So I thought to blog about it and start the conversation.

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One of the things I've been thinking about ever since I

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read your blog, and I've been thinking about this,

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is what do we mean by conflict?

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And what do you mean by conflict?

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Because I suspect it's something that means different things

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to different people.

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Yeah, that's a really excellent question.

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I think too often we think of conflict as something that's

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scary, that's threatening to our positions that

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needs to be avoided.

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And I think if we see conflict as different opinions,

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different suggestions for how to solve particular issues.

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Yeah, just basically people coming at particular issues

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from different perspectives, instead of labelling it as bad.

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Then I think we can probably take

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a lot of the toxicity out of, especially the initial phases

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of conflict.

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Because if we get into that fight or flight mode

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that we often get into when we see conflict arising,

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because we feel threatened by it at a personal level,

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then I think we lose opportunities

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to learn and to especially come together and find

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common solutions.

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So maybe there's even something in how we define conflict.

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And I think if we could see it as something

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that will happen inevitably in any kind of relationship,

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whether it's between two people or more people.

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And it's just a matter of not being so scared of it,

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we would already be in a much better place.

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Because I think there is a difference

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between conflict and sort of being very, very

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much on completely different ends of the spectrum

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and feeling very adversarial.

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And that's something that I think we should avoid.

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Yes.

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Because I again, one of the things

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I was thinking about in my own life

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is where might a disagreement become a conflict in a conflict

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situation?

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Yeah.

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Yeah.

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And I think many people listen to this will think well,

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we're in an environment where lots

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and lots of different people come together

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and there are lots of rightly differences of opinion,

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debates, very important, particularly

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in a University environment.

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And do you think conflict is a particular issue

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at the University?

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Oh, absolutely.

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I think it can be healthy and it can be very unhealthy.

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I think especially in academic lives

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where we're so aware that often things aren't black and white,

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there aren't easy solutions, there

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are lots of different ways of coming

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at particular knotty problems.

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I think we should be able to embrace conflict

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as a positive thing, and we should

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be able to be aware that it sometimes could even

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be necessary to innovate and get to the next stage

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of development.

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So Yeah, absolutely.

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I think conflict in higher education,

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in universities, is something that

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happens, that should happen, and that we

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need to be not so afraid of as we sometimes appear to be.

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OK.

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Thank you.

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And what impact do you think conflict can have

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for the well-being of teams?

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Well, I think if it spins out of control

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and if conflict happens in situations where there's

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little trust, there's not a lot of transparency,

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that people easily feel threatened because their not

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quite sure of the cohesion of the group

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and they don't feel safe, then I think conflict

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can be incredibly disruptive.

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Can actually put groups or entire institutions back,

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that can stifle innovation and progress.

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So that that's basically the point of my blog.

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I think we need to put conflict in a different kind

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of environment to use it positively.

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So if we work on the University environment institution wide,

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but of course, also in people smaller groups where they work,

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where there is that trust in each other and also

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trust in each other's good intentions.

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Where there is transparency, where there is a potential

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to make mistakes as we're trying new things,

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and without that immediately being

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viewed as wrong and people feeling

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threatened in their positions.

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If in those kinds of situations of high trust and conflict

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arises, I think we can use it constructively.

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We can open our minds to the conflicting opinions.

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We can try to be introspective and wonder

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whether this other person or other group

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actually may have a point that we just haven't seen before.

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And then I think we can use conflict

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in really creative positive ways.

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So I think it should be part of a University culture,

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of a culture within groups, and we should see it

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as part of the kind of values that we

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want to embrace that you and I spoke

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about in a previous podcast Friday.

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So I think how we deal with conflict

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and what happens when it arises, is

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very much dependent on the kind of community that we are.

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And I'm really interested as well

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in some of your personal experiences

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about conflict, which you talk about a little bit

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in your blog.

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You say your response to conflict

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has changed over time from responding angrily,

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and you also referenced responding by retreating

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as well to adopting a calmer approach.

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Can you tell me a bit more about those experiences

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and how that affected your approach

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and how you feel about things?

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Yeah, thank you for asking that.

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I still remember a large scale meeting

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early on in my research career when

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I was sitting around the table, around the project I

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was leading with a whole bunch of clinicians.

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And I felt that some of the pushback that they were giving

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me as a relatively junior researcher

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was really not fair, they were really wrong.

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And I felt irritated and I showed it.

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And one of the leads of that group,

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an older professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the lady

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said to me, Simone, you have to be aware

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that every time you show anger you're actually

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losing something.

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And it's best to just not show anger,

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even if you feel you're right.

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Because when you're angry, you also

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lose control of the situation.

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And that for me was a complete light bulb moment,

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because I felt so self-righteous and it's possible,

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I don't remember the exact topic we

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discussed, that I was absolutely right

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and they were absolutely wrong.

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But what he was pointing out, this older professor,

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was that me showing my anger just was not a good idea

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and didn't help bringing parties together.

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So I really, really used his admonition

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and tried not to do that.

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But then I noticed, probably in hindsight years and years

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later, that going to the other extreme,

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and not showing anything and just

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going into that more like flight mode

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almost and not speaking up when people were angry with me

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and that was conflict budding, that that

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wasn't helping either.

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Because I think if you're either angry or you think,

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Oh, I'm just going to get out of this situation

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because it feels too scary, you're

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unable to listen at that point.

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You're losing control of the situation,

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you're unable to be introspective.

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And you lose lots of opportunities

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that that conflict actually give you.

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But it took me a long while.

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And I think the reason it took me a while is that I first

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needed to be more secure in my job

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and in my career to be able to open up to angry voices

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or people just disagreeing with me in ways

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that I found threatening.

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And if you don't immediately go into that flight or fight mode,

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then conflict and disagreements become a lot less scary.

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So it's like it's really like a vicious cycle.

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The more scary you find them, the more likely

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we are to either aggressively retaliate or completely

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opt out.

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And then you're left with nothing,

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really can't get together.

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And especially for long term relationships,

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that can be really detrimental.

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When it's a short term thing when

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you just never having to see each other again,

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it's not so bad.

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But most of the relationships we have

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with each other in academia with external partners,

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we hope that they will last.

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So finding a way to deal with what appears to be conflict,

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I think is actually a crucial skill when

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you're part of a group and especially

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as you're growing as a leader.

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I think that's really interesting Simone,

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and I'm reminded of the conversation

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we had about listening as well, because I think some

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of the things we talked about there really,

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really resonate in how we might respond to conflict.

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So thank you.

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And I think you also talked a bit on your blog

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about winning arguments or winning discussions or conflict

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situations.

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And I think that's really interesting,

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because if there is possibly a view that if you

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go into a meeting, there's a conflict situation.

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Your position is I want to win, in inverted commas,

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this argument, if that doesn't happen,

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then there's a sense of failure there.

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How do you deal with that?

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How do we overcome that?

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I think what's really important that we realise that maybe

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winning is argument shouldn't be our ultimate goal.

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And I think it's that same sense of short term versus long term

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perspective.

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Because I think winning an argument

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is only good if you have a very short term perspective.

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It's just about the here and now, you

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want to come out victorious because there's

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some kind of thing that you're going to gain from doing that.

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But you don't really care that you're jeopardising

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the long term relationship.

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So if you don't care about long term, I think trying to win

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is not so bad.

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I'm not sure why you should, but I

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think the fallout is not so dramatic if the relationship

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needs to continue, winning may feel good at the time being,

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at the time and at the moment, but may actually not

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be so great going forward.

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So the short term may lose, win the short term battle,

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but you're not going to lose the war.

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And you're certainly not going to build a relationship that

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will last as a peaceful collaborative way of working.

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Because people who lose, they will trust you

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less the next time you get into a conflict situation.

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And chances that things will erupt even quicker, of course,

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will get higher.

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Plus, they may come in more prepared next time,

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so you may not be able to win as easily.

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So you can just see the escalation sort

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of being built in.

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So I think we should all move away from wanting to win.

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And that, of course, also has to do with the ability

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to actually look at your own position

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differently and not think so much in black and white.

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Because if you're absolutely right

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and the other person is absolutely wrong, then

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of course you want to win because you

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don't want to acknowledge that you may not

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be absolutely right.

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But I think the question is really

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what do you want to achieve in the long run?

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And you want to collaborate, you want to work together

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on higher goals, or are you just enjoying the conflict and what

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it gives you as a person?

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And I think the more insecure people are,

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the more they need that sense that they're right

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and the other's wrong.

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But I just don't think that for a group, for an institution,

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for external goals that are more worthy than just

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trying to get some satisfaction out of a short lived conflict.

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For the longer term goals, we shouldn't

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think about winning and losing.

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I think that whole concept puts us in the wrong frame of mind

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when we're looking at differences of opinion.

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Do you think it's possible to ever remove conflict

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from the workplace?

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No, and I don't think we should.

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And if we treat conflict with less suspicion

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and if we don't see it as a bad thing

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and if we don't want to always win,

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I think conflict can actually be rather a good thing.

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Then we could even invite conflicting opinions

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and conflict into our everyday lives.

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But if conflict, if we equate it to all-out war,

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and if we make it something dangerous to ourselves,

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then of course we should avoid it at all cost.

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And then maybe we should try to get a workplace

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without conflict.

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So maybe it's even the definition of conflict

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that we need to think about.

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Yeah.

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It's quite an word, isn't it, conflict.

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Yeah.

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Yeah.

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And I think quite a personal thing as well,

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because what's acceptable for me may be

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threatening to somebody else.

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And I'm thinking, how do we, how do managers deal with that?

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How do we manage that difference of view

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in the workplace about what we'll tolerate?

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Yeah, that's a really great question.

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And it's also, of course, a cultural element there.

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What can be completely acceptable in Dutch culture,

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where we're quite sort of open with each other when we're not

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agreeing, could be seen as incredibly threatening

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behaviour for Japanese or Chinese or UK colleagues.

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Because people would see it as more insulting

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and in the Netherlands it's totally OK to say,

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I don't agree with you.

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So I think we need to be extremely

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aware of how we choose our words and of how to make sure

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that the people that we're talking to

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don't feel threatened and that they don't feel that we

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are violating their dignity.

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And so I think that's really important.

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And another element, I think, is the power imbalance.

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I think people in a more powerful position

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need to be much more careful with how they phrase

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their differences of opinion, and how

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they invite people in the less powerful position

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to express themselves.

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Because when you're in the position of power,

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you come across as much more threatening.

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If you say exactly the same things that

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you're saying when you're in an inferior position,

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in terms of the power balance.

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So I feel that as a leader, as you grow in an organisation

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and you become more influential, you need to become more

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and more careful of how you deal with your own opinions

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and your awareness of how you may come across and to others.

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So maybe thinking of conflict as something

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that we should only allow in a very, very

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carefully constructed way.

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And maybe avoiding conflict.

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So come back to what I said earlier, and think

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about more like differences of opinion would be the way to go.

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I think if the leader starts feeling threatened, that really

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is a recipe for disaster.

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Because then either they're not listening anymore

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when they should be, or they easily become and just

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appear aggressive.

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And that also erodes the trust and erodes the relationship.

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OK.

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Yeah, thank you.

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I've heard talk of productive tension.

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What's that mean to you?

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Yeah, I think productive tension is actually

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a great way of looking at it.

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What I've learned over the years in a position of leadership

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is that I actually need to invite people to challenge me.

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Because it is scary to say no, I don't agree with you,

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when you're saying that to a person who

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holds a lot of power.

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And what happens if you don't invite people

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to challenge and to tell you maybe you should look out here,

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this may not be the right way, is

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that it's very comfortable for a while

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because it seems like you're doing everything right

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and people are all happy.

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But of course, at some point it can come back to haunt you.

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Because it turns out that people weren't as happy

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and they weren't as comfortable and they were

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critical of your leadership.

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But no one actually dared to tell you.

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So I think constructive dialogue,

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constructive criticism, constructive tension needs

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to be encouraged and invited.

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I think it's also a really good way

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of role modelling to enable people to actually voice

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their opinions.

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And even if you don't agree with what they're proposing,

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and even if what they tell you they

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don't like about you is not going to change the way

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you work, it's very important to know

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where people aren't in agreement with what you want to achieve

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or aren't happy with the way you're going about it.

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Because if you don't know it, you easily

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will make mistakes at some point.

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So that's something I had to learn,

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to feel more comfortable with actively asking for feedback.

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And I think it's also a great way

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to avoid really, really large scale conflict if we use it

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in a negative way.

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Because if you ask for feedback early,

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you'll get much more nuanced and rich discussions and people

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won't feel so adversarial towards you

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as they may feel if they are disgruntled

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for a long, long time and you don't seem to be listening.

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Yeah.

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That's interesting isn't it?

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Because I think there's also learning

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to give that feedback when requested to do so as well.

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I think one of the things kind of as we draw to a close,

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and I'm really interested to get a little bit of an insight

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into the vise chancellors world.

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And I think one of the questions I'm keen to ask

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is how do you prepare for meetings or situations

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where there's likely to be a disagreement that they

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may move to conflict?

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Oh, it's a brilliant question, Friday.

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Yeah, what I'm trying to do is feel really open minded

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and realise that I don't want to start feeling threatened.

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I don't want to get into that primitive sort

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of hot, emotional response, count to ten,

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take deep breaths, just absorb the anger and the disagreement

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before responding.

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And just really think about it as a brilliant opportunity

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to learn and to become aware of what's happening.

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And another thing I always try to do

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is suppress my own inclination to want

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to fix things immediately.

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To want to get out of the situation with clear solutions.

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Because sometimes the disagreement, the conflict,

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the tension can't be solved, and maybe not ever, but oftentimes

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not in that situation.

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To see it more like a data gathering

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exercise than that I'm on a mission to fix and make sure

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that everybody leaves the room feeling that there's

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no longer an issue.

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Because most of the issues are so complicated that we

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need multiple meetings, we need to have multiple approaches.

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And so to get out of the short term reflections, because I

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have those of course, also.

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I want to make people happy.

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I want to say, yes, of course you're right to do this.

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And then wave my magic wand and we're all going to be happy.

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So to suppress the need to fix things on the spot,

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to basically just take my time and to especially not feel

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threatened at a personal level and realise that this probably

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has nothing to do with me as a person.

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Thank you.

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Thank you.

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I think there's a lot of good advice.

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It was all in there.

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Thank you.

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But it's really hard.

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It's really hard and I don't always get it right.

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No.

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And I think some of that is, is that kind

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of a bit of that sort of self talk

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that needs to happen as you prepare

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and then as you're in the meeting, I guess as well,

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isn't it?

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Yep.

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Now one other thing maybe if I can add that I'm always

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asking myself when people are angry,

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is what are you afraid of?

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I'm sort of asking myself what the person who's angry

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is afraid of.

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Because most anger stems from fear of something.

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And that really helps me become more empathic and more calm

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and not feel so threatened at a personal level.

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That's a really great tip.

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And a really good question.

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Thank you.

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I think that's about all we have time for today.

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Unless there's anything else you want to share with us, Simone.

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No, I think we've covered a lot of ground, Friday.

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Yeah, it's an evolution, and it's difficult.

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And we all struggle with how we can deal with conflict best.

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And I think it should be a group effort.

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So if this blog makes people think

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and if listeners have suggestions for me

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I'm really happy to hear them.

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Because this is not just one person, one person thing,

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you can also change how a whole organisation deals with each

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other and grows and learns together.

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Right.

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Thank you.

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It's as ever, and Simone it's been a real pleasure speaking

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with you today.

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Thank you ever so much for your time, and thanks everyone,

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for listening.

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Yeah, thanks Friday for asking all those great questions.

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Looking forward to talking to you again.

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Thank you for listening.

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Please look out for further podcasts

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on Spotify and other platforms.

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Please follow SImone on Twitter @SEBuitendijk

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to find her latest blog.

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You can also follow the University of Leeds

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on Twitter @universityLeeds.

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About the Podcast

Changing The World
A University of Leeds series featuring Vice-Chancellor Professor Simone Buitendijk
In this new monthly series from the University of Leeds, Vice-Chancellor Simone Buitendijk is joined by guests from across the organisation, and shares perspectives and insights on how we can change the world – through our behaviour, leadership, research and teaching.